GENERAL WINDOWS NETWORKING DIAGNOSTICS AND SETUP


PART 3 OF WINDOWS DIAGNOSTICS, and PART 3 OF LAYERED SECURITY


Networking/Internet usage brings its own special diagnostic issues with it. We all need to understand how networking works, but there are many different explanations available. This page contains a lot of redundant links [same info], but for a reason. Each of us has different comprehension levels, and each related link may address the issue in a way which we understand better than another person's presentation. So check through the various links for the ones you understand.

This page will likely change over time, particularly as VISTA brings special issues. A page for general VISTA aspects not found on this page, is here:
VISTA Networking - basics

Also, it may expand via a separate linked page to include LINUX issues working with Windows environments.


NOTE:this deals with basic networking. Adding proxy servers, access servers, other types of servers, firewalls, and other; may modify your particular needs. Follow the initial setup procedures and diagnostics BEFORE adding [one at a time] anything else which might affect your network setup. Searching the links will provide you with information. When issues appear, backtrack through any recent changes to help diagnose the issues [do not disregard any recent software updates or installations].


Part 3 of Windows Diagnostics


A very basic network site, largely just for background as it deals with a home user's personal experiences rather than detailed explanations, is located here:
Charles T. Low presents: Home Computer Networking - Ethernet P2P - 95 and 98for an idea of potential issues if you're new to networking.


WIRELESS CONNECTIONS - LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION

IF you have issues setting up your wireless, or notice connection issues cropping up, make sure the below hasn't occurred.


In an initial setup, try moving the transceivers around, making sure no NEON lights, or high energy electric interference, or metal mass, is causing the problem.


I once diagnosed a wireless setup, in which the transceiver had been moved closer the cash register which caused intermittent interference.

Another in which the base transceiver and computer [server] were moved next to the utility room with all the electric feeds, which caused a dead zone, though it could also have been the massive amount of metal utilities boxes.

Another in which a "cell phone blanker" had apparently been illegally setup in a business next door [yeah, I know, should have made no difference, but it did].

And another in which the base transceiver had been moved merely a few feet after original setup, and it caused interference and network loss [likely related to ductwork or other metallic interference].

The short is: check WHERE your setting this computer up for potential issues with wireless style networks.


A common networking question relates to why a shared folder can not be accessed by typing "\\yourservername\yoursharename" in Start > Run, and instead pops up the "Open With" dialog. But when using "file:\\yourservername\yoursharename", Windows Explorer opens properly.

Try this: Check to make sure the default action has not been set to "Explore". If so, change to "Open".


An even more common question relates to why My Network Places > View Workgroup will not show the network properly. This is even AFTER following: KB 318030- You cannot access shared files and folders or browse computers in the workgroup.

Both systems can ping each other, but neither system can see the workgroup in My Network Places > View Workgroup computers. You will find other information below, but if all you want is access, try this:

You can use the Start > Run Box to access them by typing \\theothercomputername [example: \\plebs_computer] OR you can create a desktop shortcut specifying the location as: \\theothercomputername.

If this doesn't work, there are other issues to address which will require perusing the information below.


If you are using your modem router or router to dynamically assign IP addresses, then ALL other computers/devices connected to the router must be set to receive their settings from that device. A power loss could cause the modem router><router to re-assign IP addresses which would cause errors or inability to connect with hard set IP nodes/computers or other devices connected to the modem router or the router {DHCP, DNS].
In contrast, hard setting ALL devices, INCLUDING the router could alleviate errors caused by re-assigned IP addresses. Check with your ISP for the proper settings for DHCP, DNS, and other applicable settings. Many times this is NOT possible, as often the ISP dynamically assigns numbers on access. You can still hard set DNS, DHCP, and other settings if you receive them from the ISP. It is also possible [depending upon your setup] to hard set all the network EXCEPT the modem/router, which then receives its number from the ISP.

So check what works best in your particular networking situation.

Here's a tool which will help diagnose your network.
This free utility can resolve all Network devices with their IP MAC and Sharing capacity.
NetScan - SoftPerfect


ROUTERS GENERALLY

A router should be the very first device to be connected AFTER the incoming Internet connection {ISP} via the modem. If you're on a phone line, then a FIREWALL [and proxy] would help to protect you and your network. Which ever way you connect, do NOT think you can get by without a firewall. When you connect to the Internet, it IS part of your network. Without a firewall, a hacker may be able to *walk through* [via packet monitoring and other hacks] your router's protection, and obtain access to your entire system and you would never know it occurred.

Don't be misled by sites which check for open ports and your address. They can not use the same type of attacks [illegal] that a hacker would use.


The cable modem or DSL modem is first, then the router unless you have a modem router combo [single address]. Any other computers or switches should be connected via the router(s)/switch(es) depending upon the network layout.

Once you have configured the physical network correctly [address, WINS servers, DNS, etc], make sure the router is not locking down any ports your computers need for file and printer sharing, and it is NOT in an "AP isolation mode" (Google; it may have a different name in your router setup) that PREVENTS you from networking. This setting may isolate all or some of the computers from each other.

Next make sure your firewalls are configured properly for the network setup [addressing, ports, protocols, etc.].


BASIC SHARED HOME NETWORK [with soft {router} assigned addresses] set-up as follows [using WinXP as example]:

ISP[Internet connection] > Cable/Satellite/DSL Modem or other connection > (Lan/WLAN) Router <> (PORT1) > computer/node 1 <> (PORT2)-> computer/node 2 - etc.

A. Ensure that the router is running a DHCP server (allocating internal IP addresses to all main access computers/nodes and that there are no other DHCP servers).

Configure your router according to its instructions. This is normally done with a browser, though it may be otherwise.

B. Run the WinXP Network Setup wizard on all computers/nodes. [NOTE: if running VISTA, search this page for VISTA references, networking/setup are basically the same HOWEVER, some are different. Also check the separate VISTA page link at the beginning.] {If you hard set your network addresses, do NOT use the Setup Wizard in/from XP}

C. To troubleshoot, start at the master connection client[server] and work through each leg/node of the network.

At a DOS PROMPT/CMD prompt "ping" your router's IP address (Example: ping 192.168.1.1 {or whatever it is set for if you did NOT use the defaults}) from RUN, or CMD, or DOS PROMPT.

This will demonstrate a successful connection to the router.

If this is successful, then connect to the Internet and ping an external IP address (Example: ping www.google.com).

This signifies:
1) that the router can connect outside; and
2) is successfully resolving domain names.

If it can't connect out, try an actual IP address [Example: ping 216.239.39.99 [google.com] {use a known external address that returns PINGs AND make sure your firewall allows outgoing and incoming pings}.

If still unsuccessful then there is something wrong with the router accessing your ISP. Contact your ISP for proper setup base addresses and/or settings. Also, make sure to check for additional firewalls which might be blocking the ability to ping.
NOTE: Some router manufacturers are now including software firewalls, preferably, use another third party firewall rather than the one which might be supplied with the router [disable or remove the one supplied if possible].
Also, several anti-virus/anti-spyware programs [like Norton and McAfee} may also include firewall style inclusions. Make absolutely sure no firewalls are blocking access. [BTW: I prefer rules based firewalls, though they can be difficult to setup.]

SPECIFIC NOTICE:If you have hard set static IP addresses in your network, you MUST disable DHCP in your router or you may end up with conflicts. Also, you should add at least five extra IP addresses to the range [in the router setup]. Your firewall should be configured to allow the network IP address range you have set. Your router's address will be the Gateway address.


ADDRESSING ISSUES

If your using ICS or a shared Internet connection {server} AND a LAN/WAN, remember you must have two different address ranges. SMALL NETWORK EXAMPLE: 198.162.0.* mask 255.255.255.255 [first segment]; 198.162.1.* mask 255.255.255.0 [second segment] - LARGE NETWORK EXAMPLE: 10.0.0.2 mask 255.0.0.0 [local network]; 192.168.1.2 mask 255.255.255.0 [shared].

Ranges for networks are:
Class A 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
Class B 128.0.0.1 to 191.255.255.255
Class C 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255

SubNet Masks
Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0

Home and small business networks would generally fall in the class C range.

Understanding the IP Routing Tablewww.microsoft.com/technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg1201.mspx


PORTS REQUIRED CONFIGURED IN FIREWALL [access ports]

Generally there are "ports" consider necessary for full connections on a LOCALnetwork, 60, 80, 137 - 139, 445 (with proper addresses)[these for 98 and XP, Vista requires additional ports, make sure though to block the proper ports in your firewall for *Internet* traffic]; though other ports may need opened or configured for certain setups. See the separate FIREWALLpage for information, settings, software, etc..
GENERALLY [also check for router pass-through]
47 (GRE Protocol - VPN)
53 (local / remote - DNS)
67 and 68 (UDP DHCP)
80 (TCP/IP - Internet){local - router administration}
119 (Secure Mail)
137-139 (NETBIOS){TCP-UDP in *local* network}
445 (SMB over TCP) 445/TCP (Microsoft-DomainServer)
995 (SSL - email {like Google})
1723 (TCP Port - VPN)

http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/ - Internet RFC/STD/FYI/BCP Archives - RFC lists - ports, protocols, transmission units, packet aspects, etc., used by many common services. NOTE: many of these ports are used by other applications [historical, research].
OR IANA - port number assignmentsInternet repository/standards


Here's something that is often overlooked:

SHARING FOLDERS IN YOUR NETWORK

Once the network is setup, you're still not ready to actually network, you must share something with/on network, or your network will fail.

In 9X, right click on the folder you want to share, look for the Sharing Tab, create a share name [what others will see], and assign access.

In 2000/XP/VISTA, you can also do this in *Explorer*, or using Networking, or using one of the Management Console areas [and the CMD line, but that is for those who REALLY understand networking]. You MUST assign accounts [GUEST, EVERYONE, or specific accounts] able to access the individual folders.
It is recommended to use the default Shared Documents folder [and that generally negates numerous potential sharing issues], and/or an individual account's Document and Settings specific folder. XP and VISTA have built-in Help concerning the proper setup of your network. I STRONGLYrecommend you read these help articles and review the materials linked to on this page, or you may regret having an improperly configured network.

Regardless of the OS or network setup, it is NOT recommendedto share an entire root drive [the OS drive/partition]. The reason is, this potentially allows access to the OS system areas, configuration areas, and is a major security issue.

This is like setting up a completely open OS WITHOUT any control over its access.

Note: when creating Share Names: keep the name to less than 12 characters [the shorter, the better], with NO *special* characters, and no blank spaces [if necessary use *_* NOT *-* as separators {IP standard}]. Keeping within these *standards* will help to negate share loss [once available network shares that *disappear*], parsing issues, name resolution issues, and network compatibility issues.

In Win9Xyou must have Microsoft Networking client installed in your Control Panel > Network - configuration, the TCP/IP protocol installed, AND File and Printer Sharing enabled. ALSO, 9X/ME needs a firewall to block the local Networking ports from Internet access. You will notneed IPX or NetBui protocols UNLESS you have specific needs [such as IPX/SPX for older online games].

This is accomplished by: Start > Settings > Control Panel > Network > if missing - ADD > whatever is needed [client or otherwise] Microsoft [unless you have a special setup] > then the specific needed function {client, service, protocol, etc.}.

SHARE LEVEL ACCESS IN WIN98

On Win98 select -share level access- to share your files. If you select -user level access-, you need another machine on the network (like a WinNT server) to provide a user list since Win98 can't provide its own [unless you're running PWS, IIS, or other (web/net)server]. With share level access you can use a password if you want to restrict access to certain folders/files.

IF your LAN/WLan has such, make sure all are properly configured.

CHECK:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Network for "nofilesharing" and/or "noprintsharing"

These will need to be removed if found [preferred], or modified to "0" [zero].


REMOTE DESKTOP

There is some troubleshooting help on this page...
Remote Desktop Setup and Troubleshooting - The Illustrated Network at MVPS ORG

Make sure you have TCP Port 3389 open on any software firewalls you may have running on the machine. Some people report NAV worm protection and OneCare Live, block TCP Port 3389 if not configured correctly. Also, if your running a Cisco VPN client some people report issues with that configuration.

If running two or more local computers VPN, each must have its own port, such as 3389 for node1, 3387 for node2, etc. [as setup/assigned within the VPN].


ENCRYPTION/SECURITY ISSUES

Do you have the encryption key for the network, and have you configured your wireless adapter or NIC with the right encryption type and the right key?

Recheck the configuration, this can be hard at times to properly configure. Every connection/device must be set to the same style of encryption/security:

  1. No Security [basically means: please come and use my connections and computers] [better have a real good rules based firewall that is tightly secured, and manually configured]
  2. MAC [most basic, easily broken, better than none]
  3. WEP64 [better; breakable]
  4. WEP128 [harder to break, but known as hackable]
  5. WEP takes about 20 seconds to hack
  6. WPA-PSK [presently shown (early 2007) as fairly secure]{VISTA refers to this as WPA PERSONAL and general used within networks containing older network adaptors and routers}
  7. WPA-AES [good protection, but has been hacked by determined hackers]
  8. WPA2 [early 2007's best security]
  9. Note: others may think differently; regardless, use whatever works on ALL aspects within your network.

{ NOTE:always expect that no-matter what encryption is created; determined hackers WILL eventually break it. Which is why you must use layered security protections.

You need to set the router via its web interface FIRST, writing down the *exact* WPA/WEP key you create; then setup the other connections, using the same encryption/security AND key. The key can be added via the SSID name of your [wireless] network, double click it, and you will be prompted for the key.

ezlan- Basic Wireless Security

Wireless Router as an Access Point

My Wireless does not work

Wireless, Basic Configuration

Home routers, may combine a switch and a router. In addition, if using more than one, the 2nd one adds (or may add) a wireless access point.


MULTIPLE ROUTERS


If you have multiple routers [with multiple sub nets], one thing you might do is: On each computer open a command prompt window by going to Start > Run and typing "cmd.exe" (XP example - without quotes; Win9X use WINIPCFG.EXE from RUN {ipconfig is available from a DOS Prompt but may scroll off screen, batch mode can save a log though}) and clicking OK. In the window that opens, type "ipconfig /all" (without quotes) and press Enter.

The IP address for each computer (at least for the network interface that's being used - wireless {WLAN} for the laptops) should have the first 3 octets the same. For example, 192.168.1.x, where the x can be any number from 2 to 255. If the first 3 octets are not the same, the computers won't see each other.

Going back to your physical setup, check these:

- what is the "gateway" to the secondary computers and how is it connected to the modem?

- what is connected to the router for the first computer, and to which jack on the router is it connected?

- what is the network/workgroup name? Keep the names the same. [like MSHOME or WORKGROUP or whatever].

When using more than one router: You must disable the router portion of the second [example: Wireless] unit, and use only its switch and wireless access point.

I suggest that you print out the following and read it through before you start changing things.

The following assumes that the routers are at their default settings.

First, to avoid confusion, disconnect the cable from the Wireless unit that comes from the router.

You need to know what range of IP addresses is used by the router. If it is a Linksys, it probably is 192.168.1.x, but just to be sure, go to the computer/node/master that is directly wired to the router and run the ipconfig /all {or the 9X winipcfg} command.
You should see the IP address of the node/computer (something like - 192.168.1.100) and you should also see entries for "Default Gateway" and "DHCP Server." These probably will be the same, and likely will be 192.168.1.1 [make notes of what they are]

Presuming that the router is at 192.168.1.1 [per above], do the following:

Using your desktop/node which connects to the Wireless unit with a cable, access its configuration utility. You should be able to do this by entering 192.168.1.1 in a browser [you might have to disconnect the hard cable from the master router or network first since it may be the same address]. On the Setup > Basic Setup screen, change the router's "Local IP address" from 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.2.

Then disable the [secondary] router's DHCP server. Then click "save settings."

Note that once you do this, you will have to reconnect to the Wireless unit's configuration utility by entering 192.168.1.2 in your browser.

Make a label and tape it to the router so you don't forget the addressing you assigned. [Good idea to do this to everything you configure. Makes it much easier to diagnose potential issues later.]

Now connect the Ethernet cable from the 1st router to one of the [generally] 4 [or 6] LAN jacks on the Wireless unit, NOTto its WAN or "Internet" jack. [reconnect the hard cable from the router or network if you disconnected it, restart the computer and individual segments/nodes]

Re-boot your desktop/laptop. Run ipconfig /all (or winipcfg). You should see the DHCP server and Gateway as 192.168.1.1 and the desktop's IP address as 192.168.1.x, where x is different than the IP address of the first laptop. You can now fire up the wireless units and they should connect as well. All computers should show the same DHCP server (using example 192.168.1.1) and Default Gateway (also 192.168.1.1). Each of the computers should have an IP address of the form 192.168.1.x, where x would be something like 100, 101, 102, 103, and so on (unless you changed the default).

Now all you have to do is setup file and printer sharing. Here's a cut-n-paste from MS-MVP Malke that explains how to do it [XP example - using Network Setup Wizard]:

Run the Network Setup Wizard on all computers, making sure to enable File & Printer Sharing, and reboot (also be sure to select the option that each computer connects to the Internet "through a residential gateway"). The only problem is that this will turn on the XPSP2 Windows Firewall. If you aren't running a third-party firewall or have an anti virus with "Internet Worm Protection" (like Norton 2005/06/07) which acts as {like} a firewall, then you're fine. If you have third-party firewall software, configure it to allow the Local Area Network traffic as trusted. I usually do this with my firewalls with an IP range. Example: 192.168.1.0-192.168.1.254. Obviously you would substitute your correct addressings and subnets. [You may have to also add 127.0.0.1 {local computer} depending upon how strict your control settings are.]

If one or more of the computers is XP Pro:

a. If you need Pro's ability to set fine-grained permissions, turn off Simple File Sharing (Folder Options>View tab) and create identical user accounts/passwords on all computers.

b. If you don't care about using Pro's advanced features, leave the Simple File Sharing enabled.

Simple File Sharing means that Guest (account/network) is enabled [make that MUST be enabled, make sure it is]. This means that anyone without a user account on the target system can use its resources. This is a security hole, but only you can decide if it matters [userwise] in your situation.

c. Then create shares as desired. XP Home does not permit sharing of users' home directories (like My Documents) or Program Files, but you can share folders inside those directories. A better choice is to simply use the Shared Documents folder.

If that doesn't work for you, here is a nice network troubleshooter by MVP Hans-Georg Michna. Take the time to go through it and it will usually pinpoint the problem area(s) - http://winhlp.com/wxnet.htm

--


There are numerous sites on the Internet beyond the above which might help diagnose specific problems online related to phone and DSL connections. For DSL or phone related tweaks and settings try [also cable and other]:
DSL Reports dot com
Speed Guide Net


ICS non-standard settings - simple home network

After ICS installation, you can [though not recommended] change the IP address to whatever you want and also change this registry value so it matches your chosen IP address and mask. [This may be necessary when you have a local network in addition to attempting to use ICS. Your router AND ICS may try to use the same addresses AND run DHCP services. A properly configured local network in addition to a router will negate the need to use ICS. Sharing will occur at and by the router/NAT.]
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\ICSharing\Settings\General
IntranetInfo = 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 (change to your chosen IP which must match the actual ICS server IP address and subnet mask)
If your modem has its own IP address, the chances are that it is not a modem, but a *modem router* running its own DHCP service.
If so, it will conflict with the ICS DHCP server [and likely a separate router, if installed].
To turn the ICS DHCP server on/off:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\ICSharing\Settings\General
EnableDHCP = 1 (change this to 0 if you want to switch DHCP off)
If you switch it off, you will of course have to manually let ALL nodes/computers know what the default gateway is, and what your ISP's nameservers are, when you need to use the {backup} dialup connection. [or if your following through the setup procedures on this page, your router has that address, and you shouldn't need ICS/network installation wizard.]

To share an Internet connection via two Network cards (without a Router, simple network) and a crossover cable you need to configure ICS, see:
Sharing XP ICS - praticallynetworked.com


ROUTERS AND HARD ERRORS


IF there seems to be issues related to the router specifically, NOT related [as diagnosed] to the control program software or settings, check for a firmware upgrade, or if there is none, possibly refresh the present firmware. Sometimes intermittent brownouts/blackouts or spikes may cause corruption of the router internal code. Make sure to recheck all the router and network setup afterwards. If using VISTA, ALWAYS check for a firmware upgrade.


General P2P Issues - PPTP


If you have specific issues related to P2P there is an MSN forum for discussion of those issues.
MSDN - ShowForum.aspx ForumID=1505 - P2P
Microsoft TechNet - P2P Intro - peer-to-peer networking - Name Resolution and Peer Discovery with PNRP


INTERNET P2P PROGRAMS [file sharing]


Running P2P [like torrent, Kazaa, or others] may be causing issues related to various forms of attacks against the router and/or firewall such as denial of service [DoS attacks]. This may require you to reload the connection computer and accessing computer, or refresh the connection(s) to clear attempted hacks and attacks. There are times though, when even this will not completely clear/stop the attacks. Disconnect the master access via the Modem by shutting it off [electrically] for 10 minutes or so, and then reconnect. Check your firewall log(s) [and/or other available logs] to find the attacking/hacking sites/addresses and add them to a ban/blocked list in your firewall [specific address, port, and connection style - UDP, UPnP, TCP, etc.], or otherwise: such as via:
adding the sites to your restricted Zones, or
the hosts/lmhosts file [specific addressings directed to null].

IF you run this type of program, you must understand that YOU allowed access into your computer, and may be severely compromised.


INTERNET USAGE - SECURITY - NETWORKING

I have created pages specifically for these particular aspects of networking needs. All people using the Internet are NETWORKING and require protections from the hostile activities one might encounter.

FIREWALLS - WHY YOU NEED ONE AND WHAT TO DO

Anti-spyware programs as part of Layered Security

ANTI-VIRUS Programs as part of your Layered Security


GENERAL DIAGNOSTICS IN WINDOWS OSs

There are times when issues arise within a Microsoft Windows OSs which require in depth diagnostics to resolve the issue. Many tools are available [some even created by Microsoft] and are addressed upon numerous sites. General Diagnostics pages were created for referencing/diagnostics ideas/techniques.

General Diagnostics in Windows environments Part 1 - Using sysinternal tools [3 part - 3 is this networking page].

Part 2 - General System Diagnostics in Windows [mainly for XP/NT]

The other side of it all- or should you really run networking defaults

After you get the networking setup, and feel comfortable with its setup, there is one more thing to consider.

Using the default local settings for the router and your network, makes it somewhat vulnerable. As these ARE the general default settings, a hacker will search for these addresses if you're attacked.
Soooo, once everything is working PROPERLY and for a month or more, you might want to consider changing the router address and your local network addresses. Even just changing them to a 192.168.110.* address range makes it one step more difficult for a hacker to determine your local network arrangement.

Re-configuring the router address to, for example, 192.168.110.67 [with the setup software], reset all the nodes to addresses in that range,

Or if router assigned, just make sure the address is compatable or updated within any software that might need re-configured. Re-check the TCP/IP settings (Gateway, DNS, WINS, etc.) on the devices to reflect the new router address, and in the firewall allwance for your local network. Before doing this [unless you understand the calculations] download a subnet tool/calculator.
For example:
WildPackets IP Subnet/network calculator

BTW, you should ALWAYS change the default password in your router control software, just make sure you write this down somewhere {it and the new router interface address}.


NETWORKING ISSUES - General

www.howstuffworks.com/home-network.htm

www.homenethelp.com/home-network.asp

www.wown.com/j_helmig/dccmain.htm - direct connections

www.practicallynetworked.com

www.annoyances.org/exec/show/category04

Networking - NT/XP Specific

www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/homenetworking/

compnetworking.about.com/cs/winxpnetworking/

support.microsoft.com/?kbid=813936

www.onecomputerguy.com/networking/xp_network.htm

microsoft.com /windowsxp/using/networking/getstarted/default.mspx

VPN related links for info and setup, including VISTA information


Basic VPN test - The Illustrated Networkmvps.org
TECHNET Columns - CableGuy cg0105
PPTP - VPNVISTA issues
Troubleshooting VISTA VPN problemsTechNet Blog
Error 800 - VPN issueshowtonetworking

SEE other headings on this page for VPN and VISTA specifics/settings.


Direct-Cable Connection:

www.wown.info/j_helmig/dcc.htm

www.kime.net/directcc/


GENERAL NETWORKING LINKS and INFO:


The Illustrated Network - MVPS org presentation

VPN Networking Example from The Illustrated Network MVPS org - Vista used as example

members.shaw.ca/bsanders/CleanPrinterDrivers.htm - Printer driver cleanup - network printer

DNSAPI not part of win98; NPPTOOLS.DLL is not part of Win98:
www.driverskit.com/dll/npptools.dll/2531.html

NPPTOOLS - READ about it

www.msfn.org/board/index.php?showtopic=66361&st=30
www.msfn.org/board/lofiversion/index.php/t43431.html
npptools.dll is not present in windows 9x, and even if you get it from somewhere you'll find out it depends on mfc42u.dll, a unicode library ...
seclists.org/nmap-dev/2006/q4/0039.html

How to troubleshoot Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1 installation issues [Yes, dot net can have an effect on your network, particularly if you play with its security settings]
support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;824643

How do I create a [NIC] loopback cable?


http://www.ortizonline.com/publications/april2004/loopback.htm

3 MINUTE VPN SHUTDOWN - VPN shuts down unexpectedly


Microsoft has information and hotfix.
KB331816 - VPN Client in Windows XP Disconnects After One Minute
KB840654 - Your VPN connection is disconnected after several minutes in Windows XP
KB838906 - You may be disconnected when you connect a Windows XP-based computer to a remote server through a VPN, and you use an external firewall device or a NAT device.
Or this search result may help,
VPN connection is disconnected after several minutes. We have been seeing more and more cases like this one. We don't really know the causes, ...
chicagotech.net /VPN/vpn3minutes.htm

IE7 and CERTIFICATES


chicagotech.net :: View topic - How to: setup RPC over HTTP on a ...3) To test, SSL, open the IE with the https, for example, ... Click Install Certificate and then follow the instruction and select OK/Yes to install it. ...
http://www.chicagotech.net/netforums/viewtopic.php?p=335
chicagotech.net fixing access errors
chicagotech.net Troubleshoot missing network connections icons.
Routing issues on VPN. Case Study - peer to peer route via VPN connectionResolution: When establishing VPN to the office A, the routing table changes. To fix this issue, ...
chicagotech.net - routing issues on VPN

Connectivity


Resolution: you may need to do these two to disable auto-disconnection. 1) You may want to disable auto-disconnection by using "net server /disconnect:-1" on ...
chicagotech.net - connectivity

Mapping Issues


If you disable auto-disconnection and you are running a workgroup, you may easily hit the limit (10 connections for workgroup). Even some computers are ...
chicagotech.net - mapping

Additional Connectivity issues


Try to disable auto-disconnection feature first.
2. If disabling auto-connection doesn't fix the problem and other workstations don't have the same issue, ...
chicagotech.net - connectivity 2

Ipconfig With Windows 2000/XP/2003; you can use the netsh command to script the process of changing a computer TCP/IP setting without rebooting the computer. ...

Can ping VPN server but can't access it
If the net view command fails with a " System error 5has occurred. Access is denied. System error 53
The network path was not found. ...
chicagotech.net - vpn & firewall
System Error 53- The network path was not found. Access Denied. Situation: There are 5 windows 2003 servers in the LAN. The users can access all servers ...
chicagotech.net - troubleshooting/systemerror53.htm

Delayed Write Failed- Windows was unable to save all the data for the file x. ... Delayed Write Failed "File creation error - The semaphore timeout period ...
chicagotech.net - troubleshooting/writefailed.htm

Vista Permission Issues - Vista common issue - can see but access ... So, the common issues sharing are 1) you may be able to see it but access. 2) you may be able to open it but ...
http://www.chicagotech.net/vista/vistapermission.htm

If you don't need to access the entire VPN resources, disable the "use default gateway on remote network" option in the properties of the VPN connection...
chicagotech.net - routing issues on vpn

Event ID 720- Symptom: When attempting to establish a VPN connection to Windows RRAS, you may receive the following error message: Error 720: No PPP control protocols . ...
chicagotech.net VPN/error 720b

Computer Browser - How do I know I have a browser problem. How to disable Master Browser in XP, 9X, W2k. How to fix browsing problem in a mixed OS workgroup ...

For further VPN and VISTA issues [from chicagotech net] see VISTA and VPN specific headings below.


Related issue - Windows 98 Certificates

Windows 98 is an unsupported OS. When re-installing or fresh installing the OS, you will likely need to update the base Root Certificates {Authorized base trusted Certificates and signing servers}. To do this download the rootsup update and check on the trusted Authority servers for updates available.

Here are links to the Microsoft roots update and VeriSign's *jump starting* certificates [you can find related discussions including me - MEB, by searching: microsoft.public.win98.gen_discussion]:
Info for the root Certificates Update:
http://download.windowsupdate.com/msdownload/update/v3/static/rtf/en/4702.htm
The direct link for rootsupd.exe:
http://download.windowsupdate.com/ msdownload/update/v3/static/ trustedr/en/rootsupd.exe

This one needs to be Run [do not open with Winzip or other unzipping program], which can be done instead of downloading it,
OR (preferably) download the file:
Go to Start > Run > {where ever you saved your file}\rootsupd.exe then press enter.

Or,

Save it to your Desktop and run from there. Make sure you move the file somewhere else after you install it.

Another you may need is the old *jump start* web browser certificate from VeriSign [IE versions below 6]:
ROOT Certificate from Verisign
https://getca.verisign.com/

You can download the certificate if you wish to save it for future use, and install it by right clicking the file [where ever you saved it] and choosing Install Certificate. Or if you wish, just choose Install/Run from the Verisign site, if that's available to you. If your running an NT based system see the Microsoft help for how to install.

NOTE THIS:these are not the only certificates you will need now or in the future. Since Win98 is an unsupported OS, Microsoft will not be {regularly} supplying updated Certificate Stores. {Supported OSs receive theirs as regular updates.]

Moreover, if running Win9X on the Internet, you will encounter sites which require or offer new certificates for installation.

BE EXTREMELY CAREFUL WHAT YOU INSTALL, CHECK EVERY CERTIFICATE, AND THE SIGNER, AND AUTHORITY.

Please make sure you check EVERY certificate BEFORE you install it or enter the site which requires it. Do not blindly proceed or install the certificate because this allows activities to occur which you may not want, and an unknown or questionable/falsely authorized installation is a major breach of your security.

Java, scripting, ActiveX, secure sites [SSL], and many other activities on the Internet are [or should be] checked against the Certificate Store. If you have installed a *hack* certificate, you have essentially authorized hack activities upon your system/network. SEE: INSTALLATION OF SIGNING AND TRUST CERTIFICATES- this site


- - - - -

MAXIMUM TRANSMISSION UNIT
Search Microsoft Maximum+Transmission+Unit


DUN verses networking issues
Steve Winograd, MS-MVP(Windows Networking) presents a potential fix:
Steve Winograd's Networking FAQ
This procedure can fix strange problems with Windows 98 TCP/IP. Is this what you tried?


MEB: Dial-Up Networking 1.4 Upgrade for windows 98 Is Available at:
support.microsoft.com/kb/285189



Fixing how networks are assigned - order of access.


This addresses the common problem associated with multiple NICs, ISPs, and LAN/WAN networking relationships.
When more than one network connection is available, Windows uses the one with the lowest metric value. By default, it automatically assigns a metric value based on the network connection's rated speed:
An explanation of the Automatic Metric feature for Internet Protocol routes:
support.microsoft.com/?id=299540
To force Windows to use a specific network connection, assign a metric value to each one, giving the lowest value to the desired connection:

-- END STEVE ---


OTHER NETWORKING ISSUES AND MORE INFORMATION


Problems with LSP winsock layer [need LSPFIX]"There are multiple possible solutions to an LSP / Winsock problem, and not one of them have been found to be consistently more effective than the others. Some of them may fix some problems, but find additional problems when run a second time."

cexx.org/lspfix.htm - LSPFix

cexx.org/lspfix.htm - Info on fixing LSP/networking after removing firewalls, other

winhlp.com/wxnet.htm - General Help and network diagnostics

homenethelp.com web/howto/net.asp

winhlp.com /wxdomainworkgroup.htm - "How to take a domain laptop to a workgroup" - Making your mobile computer really network mobile.

https://www.grc.com/ - networking issues [be cautious with some of his suggestions, he gets a little lost sometimes]

pcbuyerbeware.co.uk /Networking.htm - networking info
pcbuyerbeware.co.uk /NetworkingProblems.htm - general network troubleshooting

practicallynetworked.com/ - general resource

practicallynetworked.com /sharing/xp_filesharing/index.htm - Windows XP Professional File Sharing

practicallynetworked.com /sharing/troubleshoot/netbt.htm - NetBios - NetBEUI

practicallynetworked.com /sharing/xp_ics/networksetupwiz.htm - XP ICS networking setup

practicallynetworked.com /sharing/xp/network_protocols.htm - info on protocols

forums.practicallynetworked.com /showthread.php?t=6781 - uninstall and re-install the RAS Async Adapter

windowsnetworking.com /articles_tutorials/multiipa.html - multiple IP addresses in Win98? - YES you can.

windowsnetworking.com /articles_tutorials/wxpwin9x.html - networking XP and Win98

windowsnetworking.com /articles_tutorials/wxphdoms.html - Windows XP Home - Accessing data on a Domain Server

www.wown.com/ - general networking

www.usbman.com - General help with USB issues

www.bu.edu/pcsc/internetaccess/winsock2fix.html - winsock2fix for Win98 Winsock

dundats.mvps.org /Software/Index.htm - HOSTS Manager and other tools/information - this can be used to define or limit access

mvps.org /winhelp2002/hosts.htm - another HOSTS reference

  1. howtonetworking.com/ - How to Setup Windows, Network, VPN & Remote Access
  2. howtonetworking.com/ Windows/ vpnsetup.htm - VPN setup
  3. howtonetworking.com /Windows/xpicf1.htm - How to Enable File and Printer Sharing in Windows Firewall 1/4
  4. howtonetworking.com /Networking/enablesharing0.htm - How to enable Windows sharing.
  5. How to restrict Internet Access. You may have many options to disable a user or computer to access the Internet. Some options can be adopted for many users ...
  6. In our case, you have some clients accessing your system using Terminal Services and would like to restrict them to access the Internet except local Web ...
  7. Two gateways for redundancy. Have a Dual WAN router like Cisco 1841 that can handle two gateways. Or refer to this link: What is Dual WAN or Load Balance Router? ...
  8. WHAT IS>>?? What is Dual WAN or Load Balance Router? What is svchost.exe? What is the Group Policy Management Console?Answers to a number of network related questions.

How to vpn automatically -


Chuck, MS-MVP [Windows - Networking]has created a number of distinctly useful help blogs [Main address is http://nitecruzr.blogspot.com]:

VISTA Specific

Chuck has/is creating networking information for the VISTA OS. Check here:
Windows XP and VISTA on a LAN
Printing on a LAN with VISTA

____ END CHUCK'S INFO _______


Jack (MVP-Networking) has presented this info:
IP Relationship

Optimize the TCP/IP Stack

Look at this page, it explains how to set WZC, use the same method to set the DNS Client Service.

Basic Options for Internet Connection Sharing www.anandtech.com/guides/viewfaq.html?i=105

Hubs, routers, switches, DSL, LANs, WANs...?

Wireless Principles - anandtech

The whole thing should look like this.
http://www.ezlan.net/network/router.jpg - router.jpg
Did you check the installation and every thing concerning network's hardware and settings looks OK ( debug the issue)

--

You do not want to put your computer on the DMZ since it means leaving it open with NO protection on the Internet. This page explains the options for the connection through the Internet (option 3 is probably what you are looking for),..

This might help with the Vigor, [from portforward.com]

Broadband usage/setup


Power saving - Network WAKE UP


When using Network Card Power Saving, any LAN's traffic gets it out of Standby. However, just because it comes out of standby does not mean the network will be responsive.

If all the three are checked [power saving settings in Networking and in the NIC properties] and it is working correctly, only Magic Packet will Wake it up (WOL - Wake On Lan).

Like this, http://www.ezlan.net/example/nic_wake.jpg - NIC wakeup -picture

A utility for Magic Package is available here, wake-on-lan-gui

About WOL here, ezlan.net/WOL


Wireless


The "limited or no connectivity"is typical for wireless connections, I haven't seen it myself on any wired connections. One of your neighbors may have installed a new unsecured wireless network recently.
When two network connections in the computer are active on the same subnet they can contend for an IP address. Usually the first adapter enabled by Windows would win and the second would fall back to automatic addressing.
If you disable the wireless adapter in Network Connections that should be sufficient. Alternatively you can configure the adapter Interface metrics (Example: 10 for the wired, 20 for wireless) for each to give priority to the wired connection. In that case also turn off autoconnect on the wireless adapter.
Example here: http://www.ezlan.net/network/metrics.jpg - Network Metrics - issues, setup

Wireless Router as an Access Point
My Wireless does not work
Wireless, Basic Configuration
Wireless Security
The security must be set according to lowest capable Wireless component.
e.g., even if most of your Wireless is capable of WPA2, but one device is only capable of WEP, the whole system must be configured to WEP.
WEP, WPA, and the Future

- "Dialup info" >Dial-up issues

Cabling in CAT 6- You have to buy components that are compatible with CAT6.
If you are not experience in crimping Do Not crimp. Buy Keystone jacks and punch the end of the cables to the keystones.
From the keystones to the computers, or switches, use commercially made patches.
This page explains the principle, it is Not updated for CAT6 but the principles are the same.
CAT cabling

I am not totally sure how you envision the whole setup but one way to achieve two independent Networks using the same Internet connection is described here, www.ezlan.net/shield.html

------- END JACK'S INFO

Hans-Georg Michna MVP - Bob Lin MVP - others
winhlp.com/wxnet - NETWORK TROUBLE SHOOTER - Have a problem, this site's form may provide the answer.

VISTA ISSUES

Vista: Can see XP but can't access
VISTA common issue - can see but no accesschicagotech net

Vista troubleshooting - VISTA -chicagotech net
Troubleshooting Vista Remote Access Issues ... Info: Step by step troubleshooting VISTA sharing ... Troubleshooting Vista TCP/IP Configuration ...
VISTA issueschicagetech.net

Vista Slow Issues - Vista and XP Networking Unable to copy files
> Both the VISTA machine and the XP machine can see each other, ... Vista: very slow to copy large files . ...
Vista Slow - Chicagotech Net

Vista sharing issues Vista: can't see XP ... How to Setup Windows, Network, VPN & Remote Access on
VISTA sharingchicagotech.net

Vista: Wireless connectivity issue - Also, try to install MS Update for fixing the security, usability, and manageability improvements for Windows Vista wireless clients ...
chicagotech.net/netforums/viewtopic.php?t=507


VPN - Virtual Private Networking


DNS resolution issues:
You can try the hosts in c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc. If it is for VPN, it is better to setup WINS for the name resolution. these search results may help,

Vista TCP/IP Issues - Solved: Vista computers can't ping each other ... Solved: Vista needs to renew IP whenever starting ... Info: Step by step troubleshooting VISTA sharing . ...
Vista IP issueschicagotech.net

Name resolution on VPN
Name resolution is big issue in VPN access. If your VPN server doesn't setup correctly or the VPN client can't receive the VPN DNS and WINS settings, ...
Name rsolution on a private network VPN- Similar pages
VPN name resolution and browsing
Q: VPN name resolution and browsing. After I successfully connect to the VPN Server remotely, I cannot browse the network, and see other computers and ...
VPN Q"A - 1- Similar pages
Name Resolution
Name resolution is big issue in VPN access. If your VPN server doesn't setup correctly ... To assign the DNS and WINS to a VPN client for name resolution, . ...
Name resolution

--------


MICROSOFT HELP ARTICLES - FILES:


[Searching Microsoft KBs can be accessed via Microsoft Support KBHOWTO Search - Englishchoose your language when there.

File and Printer Sharing in Windows Vista [and Networking in general]- Vista treats this in a new fashion, familiarize yourself with the changes. vista_fp

Windows Vista networking is setup in somewhat different fashion, familiarize yourself with the changes. new_network

922120 - Windows XP patch for Sharing with Vista"Network Discovery" - Vista uses Link Layer Topology Discovery (LLTD) to "discover and map" network computers. XP does not have LLTD.

You can download the new RDP 6 client for XP from here...
RDP 6 client

875357 - Windows Native Firewall setting for Sharing XP

XP Basic file sharing - microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/winxppro/maintain/filesharing.mspx

Honeycutt on Printer Sharing XP - microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/networking/expert/honeycutt_july2.mspx

314825 - How to Troubleshoot Black Hole Router Issues

Understanding the IP Routing Table microsoft.com/technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg1201.mspx

326549 - You Cannot View or Change the Read-Only or System Attribute of Folders

299357 - How to reset Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in Windows XP

825826 - How to troubleshoot missing network connections icons in Windows Server 2003 and in Windows XP

Windows XP Network Diagnostic Tool (KB914440) [Genuine Check required] WindowsXP-KB914440-v12-x86-ENU.exe

User Profile Hive Cleanup Service[NOTE: this is a must have]

Microsoft Shared Computer Toolkit for Windows XP

147797 - Manually Removing Network Adapter Entries from the Registry

XP - all versions - Using Netsh

Route - Displays and modifies the entries in the local IP routing table. Used without parameters, route displays help.

188001- Description of the Microsoft Computer Browser Service - Microsoft Active Directory services in Windows 2000 and Windows XP replace the computer browser service used in earlier versions of Windows to provide the network basic input/output system (NetBIOS) name resolution.[ NOTE:this is what is generally being referenced when indicated *there is a browser conflict*]

318266 - A Windows XP Client Cannot Log On to a Windows NT 4.0 Domain

315669- How to harden the TCP/IP stack against denial of service attacks in Windows 2000>

286748- "Fatal Error" Error Message Occurs When You Run WINIPCFG

320558 - Dial-up Modem or PPPoE Option in New Connection Wizard Is Unavailable

'sleep' is available on the Windows 2003 Resource Kit which works for XP

Home ServerPresently [2007] under Beta testing. Likely will be an answer to future home networking activities
Windows Home Server PR

308418 - HOW TO: Set, View, Change, or Remove File and Folder Permissions in Windows XP

308419 - HOW TO: Set, View, Change, or Remove Special Permissions for Files and Folders

307874 - HOW TO: Disable Simplified Sharing and Password-Protect a Shared Folder in Windows XP

303650 - Intranet site is identified as an Internet site when you use an FQDN or an IP address

832161 - You experience a delay when you use your Windows XP computer to log on to a domain or to connect to a network resource

839269- You may not be able to connect to an instance of SQL Server that is configured to use the Named Pipes server network library on a computer that is running Windows XP Service Pack 2

308421- How to take ownership of a file or folder in Windows XP

885453 - PEAP authentication is not successful when you connect to a third-party RADIUS server

813936 - How to set up a small network with Windows XP Home Edition (PART 1)

314067 - How to troubleshoot TCP/IP connectivity with Windows XP

299357- How to reset Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) in Windows XP

873485 - You receive a "Windows cannot locate the server copy of your roaming profile" error message when you log on to a wireless network with Windows XP

875357 - Troubleshooting Windows Firewall settings in Windows XP Service Pack 2

828940 - Wireless Client Cannot Reconnect to a Wireless Access Point

815485 - Overview of the WPA wireless security update in Windows XP

818326 - STOP 0x0000001D or STOP 0x000000A Stop Error Occurs in Ndis.sys

-Configuring Windows XP IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks for the Home and Small Business

308006- Troubleshooting Internet Connection Sharing in Windows XP

Internet Connection Sharing with Windows XP by Sharon Crawford

297942 - Service redirection does not apply to Internet Connection Firewall

843090 - Description of the Windows Firewall feature in Windows XP Service Pack 2

Troubleshooting Windows Firewall in Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2

319661 - Connectivity Problems on ICS Clients When You Use a PPPoE Connection on a Windows XP ICS Host

180094 - How to write an Lmhosts file for domain validation and other name resolution issues

137856 - Windows Does Not Parse LMHOSTS File with DNS Enabled

233193 - LMHOSTS File Referenced in #INCLUDE Is Not Parsed at Startup by Windows 95/98 Clients

158474 - Windows TCP/IP Registry Entries

122900 - Can't Use Periods in DNS Host Names

169790 - How to Troubleshoot Basic TCP/IP Problems

193878 - TCP/IP Host Name Resolution Takes a Long Time on PPTP Connection

242000 - Windows 98 Clients Not Registered with Dynamic DNS

210327 - Manually Populating Network Neighborhood with Static Entries for Browsing

Using a Wireless Laptop at Work and at Home By Charlie Russel

windowsxp/using/networking/setup/wireless - Set up a wireless network

314884 - LMHOSTS file information and predefined keywordsThis article discusses the LMHOSTS file. The LMHOSTS file is a local text file that maps IP addresses to NetBIOS names of remote servers that you want to communicate with over the TCP/IP protocol. Explanation of lmhosts entries.

823659 - Client, service, and program incompatibilities that may occur when you modify security settings and user rights assignments -Event ID 1000, 1001

832161 - You experience a delay when you use your Windows XP computer to log on to a domain or to connect to a network resource

911786 - You cannot sign in to a server that is running Live Communication Server 2005 or Live Communication Server 2003 through a Cisco PIX firewall

184227 - Cannot Connect to Handheld PC and Virtual Private Network at Same Time

818080 - An access violation occurs in Lsass.exe and event IDs 1015 and 1000 are logged in the application log on a Windows Server 2003 domain controller

320327 - OL2002: You Cannot Connect to a VPN Over an Existing Dial-up Connection on Windows 98

289264 - VPN Does Not Work When User Profile Is Set to Force Callback

817069 - Cannot Connect to a Network Share over a VPN Connection

314076 - How to configure a connection to a virtual private network (VPN) in Windows XP

841566 - You cannot establish a VPN connection by using a dial-up connection on a Windows XP-based computer

305550 - How to configure a VPN connection to your corporate network in Windows XP Professional

311264 - Error Message When You Try to Browse the Web: The Page Cannot Be Displayed

823369 - MSBBN: "There Was an Error Programming the Base Station" Error Message When You Try to Configure Your Base Station

555038 - How to enable Windows 98/ME/NT clients to logon to Windows 2003 based Domains

204279 - Direct hosting of SMB over TCP/IP

106167 - Error message: "Not enough server storage is available to process this command"

177078 - Antivirus Software May Cause Event ID 2011 (Q177078)

Windows XP Bridging and Media Support for Home Networking

306214 - changing domain password not member of domain

217035 - You can get Windows 98 to Release DHCP Lease Information at Shutdown.

308427 - HOW TO: View and Manage Event Logs in Event Viewer in Windows XP

Firewall Exception settings after SP2

179365 - INFO: Run, RunOnce, RunServices, RunServicesOnce and Startup

181599 - How to Remove and Reinstall Dial-Up Networking and TCP/IP Files

192534 - Troubleshooting Windows 95/98/98 Second Edition Network Connection Problems

132008 - Error Message: Cannot Find a Device File That May Be Needed to Run Windows

166832 - Err Msg: Cannot Find a Device File That May Be Needed to Run...

302590 - Unable to Load the Dynamic Link Library Error Message When You Install Drivers or Utilities

163673 - "Exception 0E" Using MSNDS Over Dial-Up Connection

192926 - How to Perform Clean-Boot Troubleshooting for Windows 98

906573 - You receive a "Missing export Kernel32.dll delayloadfailurehook" error message on a Windows 98-based client computer:

310353 Clean boot in Windows XP

316434 - Clean-boot advanced troubleshooting in Windows XP

310560 - How to Troubleshoot By Using the Msconfig Utility in Windows XP

F.A.S.T. transferring settings
AUMHA .org FAST


NEWS and FORUMS


Anyone administrating a network will likely need to read and address issues via the forums on News Servers. There are many newsreaders available on the Internet to handle that task. Each has its supporters/users, which like that particular interface.

No recommendation, just programs that might be found useful.

Free News readers:

40tude offers

xnews - free old version

Free news filters:

nfilter

newshamster/tgl/misc/C


Other Parts of Layered Security necessary for Internet usage.
SEE: FIREWALLS - WHY YOU NEED ONE AND WHAT TO DO
SEE: Anti-spyware programs as part of Layered Security
SEE: ANTI-VIRUS Programs as part of your Layered Security
SEE: Diagnosing Windows problems - Part 1
Part 2 - Diagnosing Windows Problems
SEE: INSTALLATION OF SIGNING AND TRUST CERTIFICATESBasics on Root security

After support end information for 98
SEE: END OF SUPPORT FOR WINDOWS 98 AND MILLENNIUM. WHAT DO I DO?
SEE: Manually updating a new installation of Windows 98SEPlease take note of the Certificates issue linked above.


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